# User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/Overview

(Difference between revisions)
 Revision as of 21:55, 27 December 2017 (view source)Tohline (Talk | contribs) (→Single Aperture)← Older edit Current revision as of 18:55, 29 December 2017 (view source)Tohline (Talk | contribs) (→CGH: Design Overview) (7 intermediate revisions not shown) Line 1: Line 1: - =CGH:  Philosophical Overview= + =CGH:  Design Overview= + {{LSU_HBook_header}} {{LSU_HBook_header}} + + + Here we outline a research project that builds upon the extraordinary work of [http://www.phys.lsu.edu/~tohline/phys4412/howto/DynamicHolographic3dImageProjection.pdf Huebschman, Manjuluri, & Garner (2003)] titled, ''Dynamic holographic 3-D image projection''. + + +
[[File:Output_seal_and_lsu_001.jpg|300px|hologram]][[File:Lsucghfocussed.jpg|300px|Photo focused on LSU logo]][[File:sealfocussed.jpg|300px|Photo focused on Louisiana seal]]
+ + + + + + + The objective is to create a fully three-dimensional (3D) ''rendering'' of the time-dependent surface of an object in 3-space, using efficiently calculated, two-dimensional digital holographic images.  This will be accomplished by bouncing a monochromatic beam of light — the light source being, for example, an R, G, or B laser — off of a two-dimensional (2D) array of identical, small, rectangular mirrors such as the mirror configuration that provides the central functional element of Texas Instrument's DLP chip.  Each mirror will be uniformly illuminated, but the brightness of the light that is incident on each mirror will, in general, vary from mirror to mirror.  Ultimately, the desired 3D image will be constructed by adding together the diffraction patterns that are generated separately, but simultaneously, by all of the small mirrors in the array. ==Slit Diffraction== ==Slit Diffraction== Line 17: Line 31: - As has been detailed in an [[User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/ParallelApertures#One-Dimensional_Aperture|accompanying discussion]], we consider, first, the amplitude (and phase) of light that is incident at a location $~y_1$ on an image screen that is located a distance $~Z$ from a slit of width $~w = (Y_1 - Y_2) = 2c$.  The amplitude is given by the expression, + As has been detailed in an [[User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/ParallelApertures#One-Dimensional_Aperture|accompanying discussion]], we examine, first, the amplitude (and phase) of light which, after passing through  an aperture of width $~w = (Y_1 - Y_2) = 2c$, is incident on an image screen that is parallel to, and located a distance $~Z$ from, the aperture.  The amplitude at any location, $~y_1$, along the image screen is given by the expression,
Line 23: Line 37:
- $~A(n\Delta y_1)$ + $~A(y_1)$ Line 30: Line 44: $~\sum_j [itex]~\sum_j - a_j \biggl[ \cos\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) + i \sin\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) \biggr] + \beta_j \biggl[ \cos\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) + i \sin\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) \biggr] \, , \, ,$ [/itex] Line 37: Line 51: - where, + where, $~\beta_j = \beta(Y_j)$ is the specified brightness at each "j" point along the illuminated aperture,
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- Notice that, in the definition of $~D_j$, the expression inside the square brackets involves a term that depends quadratically on the dimensionless length scale, $~Y_j/L$, as well as a term that depends linearly on this ratio.  As discussed below, our expression for the amplitude simplifies nicely in situations where the quadratic term can be ignored.  Via a related simplification, we also will find that the various natural lengths of this problem are can be related via the expression, + + The green solid curves in [[User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/ParallelApertures#Figure2|Figures 2 & 3 of our accompanying, more detailed discussion]] display — for a fixed set of values of the parameter-pair, $~(\lambda, w)$ — how the amplitude of the incident light, $~(A\cdot A^*)^{1 / 2}$, varies across an image screen that is placed at two different distances from the aperture. + + Notice that, in the definition of $~D_j$, the expression inside the square brackets involves a term that depends quadratically on the dimensionless length scale, $~Y_j/L$, as well as a term that depends linearly on this ratio.  As [[#Simplifications|discussed below]], our expression for the amplitude simplifies nicely in situations where the quadratic term can be ignored. (The red dotted curves in [[User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/ParallelApertures#Figure2|Figures 2 & 3 of our accompanying discussion]] illustrate how the image-screen diffraction pattern is altered as a result of this simplification.) Via a related simplification, we also will find that the various natural lengths of this problem can be related to one another via the expression,
Line 94: Line 111: CAUTION:  Be sure that the "L" in these various expressions is, indeed, always the same quantity. CAUTION:  Be sure that the "L" in these various expressions is, indeed, always the same quantity. + + ===Simplifications=== + + + If we assume that everywhere along the aperture the phase $~\phi_j = 0$ and if, furthermore, we assume that, for all $~j$, +
+ $~\biggl| \frac{Y_j}{L}\biggr| \ll 1 \, ,$ +
+ we can drop the quadratic term in favor of the linear one in the above expression for $~D_j$ and [[User:Tohline/Appendix/CGH/ParallelApertures#Simplify|deduce that]], +
+
+ + + + + + +
+ $~A(y_1)$ + + $~\approx$ + + $~e^{i2\pi L/\lambda} \sum_j + \beta_j \biggl[ \cos\biggl(\frac{2\pi y_1 Y_j}{\lambda L} \biggr) - i \sin\biggl(\frac{2\pi y_1 Y_j}{\lambda L} \biggr) \biggr] + \, . +$ +
+
+ + Let's consider the case of a (single) aperture of width, $~w = 2c$, that is uniformly illuminated — that is, $~\beta$ is independent of location across the aperture.  If we allow the summation index, $~j$, to go to infinity, this (simplified) amplitude expression can be integrated to give, at various discrete $~(n)$ locations along the image screen, +
+ + + + + + + +
+ $~A(n \Delta y_1)$ + + $~=$ + + $~ + e^{i2\pi L_n/\lambda} \biggl[ a_n + i b_n\biggr] \, , +$ +
+
+ where (see the associated [[User:Tohline/Appendix/Ramblings/FourierSeries#Example_.232|''Example #2'' discussion]]), +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ $~a_n$ + + $~=$ + + $~\frac{\beta}{2c} \int_{-c}^c \cos\biggl( \frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 x}{\lambda L_n} \biggr) dx$ + + $~=$ + + $~\beta \biggl[ + \frac{\sin\theta_n }{\theta_n} + \biggr] \, , +$ +
+ $~b_n$ + + $~=$ + + $~-~\frac{\beta}{2c} \int_{-c}^c \sin\biggl( \frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 x}{\lambda L_n} \biggr) dx$ + + $~=$ + + $~0\, ,$ +
+ $~\theta_n$ + + $~\equiv$ + + $~\frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 c}{\lambda L_n} \, .$ + +   + +   +
+

# CGH: Design Overview

Here we outline a research project that builds upon the extraordinary work of Huebschman, Manjuluri, & Garner (2003) titled, Dynamic holographic 3-D image projection.

The objective is to create a fully three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the time-dependent surface of an object in 3-space, using efficiently calculated, two-dimensional digital holographic images. This will be accomplished by bouncing a monochromatic beam of light — the light source being, for example, an R, G, or B laser — off of a two-dimensional (2D) array of identical, small, rectangular mirrors such as the mirror configuration that provides the central functional element of Texas Instrument's DLP chip. Each mirror will be uniformly illuminated, but the brightness of the light that is incident on each mirror will, in general, vary from mirror to mirror. Ultimately, the desired 3D image will be constructed by adding together the diffraction patterns that are generated separately, but simultaneously, by all of the small mirrors in the array.

## Slit Diffraction

### Single Aperture

Figure 1

As has been detailed in an accompanying discussion, we examine, first, the amplitude (and phase) of light which, after passing through an aperture of width $~w = (Y_1 - Y_2) = 2c$, is incident on an image screen that is parallel to, and located a distance $~Z$ from, the aperture. The amplitude at any location, $~y_1$, along the image screen is given by the expression,

 $~A(y_1)$ $~=$ $~\sum_j \beta_j \biggl[ \cos\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) + i \sin\biggl(\frac{2\pi D_j}{\lambda} + \phi_j \biggr) \biggr] \, ,$

where, $~\beta_j = \beta(Y_j)$ is the specified brightness at each "j" point along the illuminated aperture,

 $~D_j$ $~=$ $~ L \biggl[1 - \frac{2y_1 Y_j}{L^2} + \frac{Y_j^2}{L^2} \biggr]^{1 / 2} \, ,$

and,

 $~L$ $~\equiv$ $~ [Z^2 + y_1^2 ]^{1 / 2} \, .$

The green solid curves in Figures 2 & 3 of our accompanying, more detailed discussion display — for a fixed set of values of the parameter-pair, $~(\lambda, w)$ — how the amplitude of the incident light, $~(A\cdot A^*)^{1 / 2}$, varies across an image screen that is placed at two different distances from the aperture.

Notice that, in the definition of $~D_j$, the expression inside the square brackets involves a term that depends quadratically on the dimensionless length scale, $~Y_j/L$, as well as a term that depends linearly on this ratio. As discussed below, our expression for the amplitude simplifies nicely in situations where the quadratic term can be ignored. (The red dotted curves in Figures 2 & 3 of our accompanying discussion illustrate how the image-screen diffraction pattern is altered as a result of this simplification.) Via a related simplification, we also will find that the various natural lengths of this problem can be related to one another via the expression,

 $~y_1\biggr|_{1^\mathrm{st} \mathrm{fringe}} = \frac{L \Delta y_1}{c}$ $~\approx$ $~\frac{\lambda Z}{2c} \, .$

CAUTION: Be sure that the "L" in these various expressions is, indeed, always the same quantity.

### Simplifications

If we assume that everywhere along the aperture the phase $~\phi_j = 0$ and if, furthermore, we assume that, for all $~j$,

$~\biggl| \frac{Y_j}{L}\biggr| \ll 1 \, ,$

we can drop the quadratic term in favor of the linear one in the above expression for $~D_j$ and deduce that,

 $~A(y_1)$ $~\approx$ $~e^{i2\pi L/\lambda} \sum_j \beta_j \biggl[ \cos\biggl(\frac{2\pi y_1 Y_j}{\lambda L} \biggr) - i \sin\biggl(\frac{2\pi y_1 Y_j}{\lambda L} \biggr) \biggr] \, .$

Let's consider the case of a (single) aperture of width, $~w = 2c$, that is uniformly illuminated — that is, $~\beta$ is independent of location across the aperture. If we allow the summation index, $~j$, to go to infinity, this (simplified) amplitude expression can be integrated to give, at various discrete $~(n)$ locations along the image screen,

 $~A(n \Delta y_1)$ $~=$ $~ e^{i2\pi L_n/\lambda} \biggl[ a_n + i b_n\biggr] \, ,$

where (see the associated Example #2 discussion),

 $~a_n$ $~=$ $~\frac{\beta}{2c} \int_{-c}^c \cos\biggl( \frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 x}{\lambda L_n} \biggr) dx$ $~=$ $~\beta \biggl[ \frac{\sin\theta_n }{\theta_n} \biggr] \, ,$ $~b_n$ $~=$ $~-~\frac{\beta}{2c} \int_{-c}^c \sin\biggl( \frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 x}{\lambda L_n} \biggr) dx$ $~=$ $~0\, ,$ $~\theta_n$ $~\equiv$ $~\frac{2\pi n \Delta y_1 c}{\lambda L_n} \, .$