Difference between revisions of "User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt3"

From VistrailsWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__FORCETOC__<!--  will force the creation of a Table of Contents -->
__FORCETOC__<!--  will force the creation of a Table of Contents -->
<!-- __NOTOC__ will force TOC off -->
<!-- __NOTOC__ will force TOC off -->
=Challenges Constructing Ellipsoidal-Like Configurations (Pt. 2)=
=Challenges Constructing Ellipsoidal-Like Configurations (Pt. 3)=


This chapter extends the accompanying chapters titled, [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/Challenges|''Construction Challenges (Pt. 1)'']] and [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt2|''(Pt. 2)'']].  The focus here is on firming up our understanding of the relationships between various "tilted" Cartesian coordinate frames.
This chapter extends the accompanying chapters titled, [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/Challenges|''Construction Challenges (Pt. 1)'']] and [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt2|''(Pt. 2)'']].  The focus here is on firming up our understanding of the relationships between various "tilted" Cartesian coordinate frames.
Line 399: Line 399:
   </td>
   </td>
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~- \frac{z' b^2 \sin\theta\cos\theta}{c^2 \cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta}  
<math>~+ \frac{z' b^2 \tan\theta}{c^2 \cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta}  
=
=
-z' \sin\theta \cos\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
+z' \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
=
=
z' \cos\theta (1.40038)
\biggl( \frac{z'}{ \cos\theta }\biggr)(-1.40038)
\, .</math>
\, .</math>
   </td>
   </td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
Note that this last expression has been obtained by making the substitutions, <math>~y_0 \rightarrow y_c</math> and <math>~z_0 \rightarrow -z'/\cos\theta</math>, in the [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt2#OffCenter|accompanying derivation's expression]] for <math>~y_0</math>.


====Demonstration====
====Demonstration====
Line 591: Line 592:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
-[z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta] \sin\theta \cos\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
+[z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta] \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
\, .</math>
\, .</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 732: Line 733:
</table>
</table>
These expressions perfectly match the body-coordinate expressions derived by Riemann (see [[#Riemann-Derived_Expressions|above]]) for, respectively, <math>~\dot{y}</math> and <math>~\dot{z}</math>.  The 1<sup>st</sup> component is,
These expressions perfectly match the body-coordinate expressions derived by Riemann (see [[#Riemann-Derived_Expressions|above]]) for, respectively, <math>~\dot{y}</math> and <math>~\dot{z}</math>.  The 1<sup>st</sup> component is,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">


Line 743: Line 745:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)\biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta + z\sin\theta\biggr\}</math>
\dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)\biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\}</math>
   </td>
   </td>
</tr>
</tr>
Line 760: Line 762:
\biggr\}^{1 / 2}
\biggr\}^{1 / 2}
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)
\biggl\{-[z\cos\theta + y\sin\theta] \sin\theta \cos\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
\biggl\{y_c
- y\cos\theta + z\sin\theta\biggr\}
- y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 775: Line 777:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
\biggl\{\frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
- y - z\tan\theta\biggr\}
</math>
  </td>
</tr>
 
<tr>
  <td align="right">
&nbsp;
  </td>
  <td align="center">
<math>~=</math>
  </td>
  <td align="left">
<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]
+~ z\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{\zeta_2}{\zeta_3} \biggl[ \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \frac{c^2}{b^2}
\biggr\}
\biggr\}
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
\biggl\{-[z\cos\theta + y\sin\theta] \sin\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
- y + z\tan\theta\biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 790: Line 808:
   <td align="center">
   <td align="center">
<math>~=</math>
<math>~=</math>
  </td>
  <td align="left">
<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{b^2}{a^2}
+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \frac{c^2}{a^2}
\biggr\} \, .
</math>
  </td>
</tr>
</table>
So, implementing the mapping of <math>~y_c</math>, the first term inside the curly braces becomes,
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<tr>
  <td align="right">
<math>~\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}</math>
  </td>
  <td align="center">
<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>
   </td>
   </td>
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  
\frac{\zeta_3}{\cos\theta}\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{
\biggr\}
+[z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta] \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}
\biggl\{
- y \biggl[ \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
+\frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \sin^2\theta \biggr] 
+ z \biggl[\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2\tan\theta
-\frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \sin\theta \cos\theta \biggr] 
\biggr\}
\biggr\}
</math>
</math>
Line 814: Line 847:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2}
\zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ -y\tan^2\theta \biggr\}
\biggr\}
+
\biggl\{
\zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]\tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ z \biggr\}
- y \biggl[ \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2\frac{c^2}{a^2}
+\sin^2\theta \biggr
+ z \biggl[\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2\frac{c^2}{a^2}
- \cos^2\theta \biggr] \tan\theta
\biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 835: Line 863:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{1}{c^2}  
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta  \biggr\}
\biggr\}
-
\biggl\{
z \cdot \zeta_2  \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2}  \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
- y \biggl[ (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)
</math>
+b^2 \sin^2\theta \biggr]    
  </td>
+ z \biggl[(c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)
</tr>
- b^2\cos^2\theta \biggr] \tan\theta
 
\biggr\}
<tr>
   <td align="right">
<math>~\Rightarrow ~~~ \biggl(\frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}  \biggr)^2 \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}</math>
  </td>
  <td align="center">
<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>
  </td>
  <td align="left">
<math>~
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} -
z \cdot \zeta_2  \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2}  \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</table>
<div align="left">
<div align="left">
<math>
<math>
Line 856: Line 895:
</math>
</math>
</div>
</div>
Therefore,


<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="5" align="center">
Line 868: Line 909:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)\biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\}</math>
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta  \biggr\} -
z \cdot \zeta_2  \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
~+~
\biggl\{
z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] 
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]
\biggr\} \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
</tr>
</tr>
Line 881: Line 929:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\biggl\{ \zeta_3^2\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]^2
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta  \biggr\}
\biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \biggl[1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr]
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
\biggr\}^{1 / 2}
~+~
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)
z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
\biggl\{y_c
-~z \cdot \zeta_2  \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \frac{a^2}{c^2}  \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
- y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 900: Line 947:
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~
<math>~
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]  
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{b^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta
\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
+\frac{b^2}{a^2} \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggr\}
\biggl\{\frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
~+~
- y - z\tan\theta\biggr\}
z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{  \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2
-~ \frac{a^2}{c^2}  \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 916: Line 964:
   </td>
   </td>
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{
<math>~
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{b^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]
+ \frac{1}{c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) \biggr\}
+~ z\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{\zeta_2}{\zeta_3} \biggl[ \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]  \frac{c^2}{b^2}
~+~  
\biggr\}
z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{a^2}{b^2c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)
-~ \frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 933: Line 982:
   </td>
   </td>
   <td align="left">
   <td align="left">
<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{
<math>~
\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}
-~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{1}{c^2\cos^2\theta}\biggl\{b^2 \sin^2\theta
-~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{b^2}{a^2}
+ (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)\cos^2\theta \biggr\}
+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr]   \frac{c^2}{a^2}
~+~  
\biggr\}
z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{  \frac{a^2}{b^2c^2}  (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)
-~ \frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\}
</math>
</math>
   </td>
   </td>
Line 948: Line 998:
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt2|Construction Challenges (Pt. 2)]]
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt2|Construction Challenges (Pt. 2)]]
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt3|Construction Challenges (Pt. 3)]]
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt3|Construction Challenges (Pt. 3)]]
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt4|Construction Challenges (Pt. 4)]]
* [[User:Tohline/ThreeDimensionalConfigurations/ChallengesPt5|Construction Challenges (Pt. 5)]]
* Related discussions of models viewed from a rotating reference frame:
* Related discussions of models viewed from a rotating reference frame:
** [[User:Tohline/PGE/RotatingFrame#Rotating_Reference_Frame|PGE]]
** [[User:Tohline/PGE/RotatingFrame#Rotating_Reference_Frame|PGE]]

Latest revision as of 21:51, 11 May 2021

Challenges Constructing Ellipsoidal-Like Configurations (Pt. 3)

This chapter extends the accompanying chapters titled, Construction Challenges (Pt. 1) and (Pt. 2). The focus here is on firming up our understanding of the relationships between various "tilted" Cartesian coordinate frames.

Whitworth's (1981) Isothermal Free-Energy Surface
|   Tiled Menu   |   Tables of Content   |  Banner Video   |  Tohline Home Page   |

Various Coordinate Frames

Riemann-Derived Expressions

Inertial Frame (green with subscript "0")
and Body Frame (black and unsubscripted).

Inertial and Body Frames

For our chosen Example Type I Ellipsoid, we have, <math>~\Omega_2 = 0.3639</math> and <math>~\Omega_3 = 0.6633</math>, in which case, <math>~\Omega_0 = 0.7566</math> and <math>~\delta = 0.5018 ~\mathrm{rad} = 28.75^\circ</math>.

The purple (ellipsoidal) configuration is spinning with frequency, <math>~\Omega_0</math> about the <math>~z_0</math>-axis of the "inertial frame," as illustrated; that is,

<math>~\boldsymbol\Omega</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat{k}_0}\Omega_0 \, .</math>

Also as illustrated, the "body frame," which is attached to and aligned with the principal axes of the purple ellipsoid, is tilted at an angle, <math>~\delta</math>, with respect to the inertial frame. Hence, as viewed from the body frame, we have,

<math>~\boldsymbol\Omega</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\biggl[ \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath }\sin\delta + \boldsymbol{\hat{k} }\cos\delta \biggr]\Omega_0 \, .</math>

Now, adhering to the notation used by [EFE] — see, for example, the first paragraph of §51 (p. 156) — we should write,

<math>~\boldsymbol\Omega</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath }\Omega_2 + \boldsymbol{\hat{k} }\Omega_3 ~~~~~\Rightarrow ~~~ \Omega_2 = \Omega_0\sin\delta </math>    and,     <math>~\Omega_3 = \Omega_0\cos\delta \, .</math>

This means that,

<math>~\Omega_0</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \biggl[\Omega_2^2 + \Omega_3^2 \biggr]^{1 / 2} </math>    and,     <math>~\delta = \tan^{-1}\biggl[ \frac{\Omega_2}{\Omega_3} \biggr] \, .</math>

As we have summarized in an accompanying discussion of Riemann Type 1 ellipsoids, [EFE] provides an expression for the velocity vector of each fluid element, given its instantaneous body-coordinate position (x, y, z) = (x1, x2, x3) — see his Eq. (154), Chapter 7, §51 (p. 156). As viewed from the rotating frame of reference, the three component expressions are,

<math>~\dot{x} = u_1 = \boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \cdot \boldsymbol{u}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\biggl(\frac{a}{b}\biggr)^2 \gamma \Omega_3 y - \biggl(\frac{a}{c}\biggr)^2 \beta \Omega_2 z</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~- \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \zeta_3 y + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \zeta_2 z \, ,</math>

<math>~\dot{y} = u_2 = \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath} \cdot \boldsymbol{u}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~- \gamma \Omega_3 x</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~+\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \zeta_3 x \, ,</math>

<math>~\dot{z} = u_3 = \boldsymbol{\hat{k}} \cdot \boldsymbol{u}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~+ \beta \Omega_2 x</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~- \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \zeta_2 x \, ,</math>

where,

<math>~\beta</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ - \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{\zeta_2}{\Omega_2} </math>

      and,      

<math>~\gamma</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ - \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{\zeta_3}{\Omega_3} \, . </math>

Rotating-Frame Vorticity

<math>~\boldsymbol{\zeta} \equiv \boldsymbol{\nabla \times}\bold{u}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \biggl[ \frac{\partial \dot{z} }{\partial y} - \frac{\partial \dot{y}}{\partial z} \biggr] + \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath} \biggl[ \frac{\partial \dot{x}}{\partial z} - \frac{\partial \dot{z}}{\partial x} \biggr] + \bold{\hat{k}} \biggl[ \frac{\partial \dot{y}}{\partial x} - \frac{\partial \dot{x}}{\partial y} \biggr] </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath} \biggl\{ \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \zeta_2 + \biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \zeta_2 \biggr\} + \bold{\hat{k}} \biggl\{ \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \zeta_3 + \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \zeta_3 \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath} ~\zeta_2 + \bold{\hat{k}} ~\zeta_3 \, . </math>

For our chosen Example Type I Ellipsoid, we have, <math>~\zeta_2 = -2.2794</math> and <math>~\Omega_3 = -1.9637</math>, in which case, <math>~\zeta_\mathrm{rot} = (\zeta_2^2 + \zeta_3^2)^{1 / 2} = 2.2794</math> and <math>~\xi \equiv \tan^{-1}[\zeta_2/\zeta_3] = 4.0013 ~\mathrm{rad} = 229.26^\circ</math>.

Vorticity Axis

Tipped Orbit Planes

Summary

In a separate discussion, we have shown that, as viewed from a frame that "tumbles" with the (purple) body of a Type 1 Riemann ellipsoid, each Lagrangian fluid element moves along an elliptical path in a plane that is tipped by an angle <math>~\theta</math> about the x-axis of the body. As viewed from the (primed) coordinates associated with this tipped plane, by definition, z' = constant and dz'/dt = 0, and the planar orbit is defined by the expression for an,

Off-Center Ellipse

<math>~1</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\biggl[\frac{x'}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 + \biggl[\frac{y' - y_c(z')}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \, .</math>

Tipped Orbit Frame (yellow, primed)

Tipped Orbital Planes

Given that b/a = 1.25 and c/a = 0.4703 for our chosen Example Type I Ellipsoid, we find that, <math>~\theta = - 0.3320 ~\mathrm{rad} = -19.02^\circ</math>.

Notice that the offset, <math>~y_c</math>, is a function of the tipped plane's vertical coordinate, <math>~z'</math>. As a function of time, the x'-y' coordinates and associated velocity components of each Lagrangian fluid element are given by the expressions,

<math>~x'</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~x_\mathrm{max}\cos(\dot\varphi t)</math>

      and,      

<math>~y' - y_c</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~y_\mathrm{max}\sin(\dot\varphi t) \, ,</math>

<math>~\dot{x}'</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~- x_\mathrm{max}~ \dot\varphi \cdot \sin(\dot\varphi t) = (y_c - y') \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr] \dot\varphi </math>

      and,      

<math>~\dot{y}' </math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~y_\mathrm{max}~\dot\varphi \cdot \cos(\dot\varphi t) = x' \biggl[ \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr] \dot\varphi \, .</math>

As has been summarized in an accompanying discussion, we have determined that (numerical value given for our chosen example Type I ellipsoid),

<math>~\tan\theta</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ - \frac{\zeta_2}{\zeta_3} \biggl[ \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{c^2}{b^2} = - \frac{\beta \Omega_2}{\gamma \Omega_3} = -0.34479\, , </math>

where, <math>~\beta</math> and <math>~\gamma</math> are as defined above. Also,

<math>~\biggl[\frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \frac{a^2}{b^2 c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) = 1.05238 \, , </math>

<math>~{\dot\varphi}^2 </math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \zeta_3^2\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]^2 \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \biggl[1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr] = 1.68818\, , </math>

<math>~y_c</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~+ \frac{z' b^2 \tan\theta}{c^2 \cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta} = +z' \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} = \biggl( \frac{z'}{ \cos\theta }\biggr)(-1.40038) \, .</math>

Note that this last expression has been obtained by making the substitutions, <math>~y_0 \rightarrow y_c</math> and <math>~z_0 \rightarrow -z'/\cos\theta</math>, in the accompanying derivation's expression for <math>~y_0</math>.

Demonstration

In order to transform a vector from the "tipped orbit" frame (primed coordinates) to the "body" frame (unprimed), we use the following mappings of the three unit vectors:

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\imath'}</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \, ,</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath'}</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath}\cos\theta + \boldsymbol{\hat{k}}\sin\theta \, ,</math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat{k}'}</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~-\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath}\sin\theta + \boldsymbol{\hat{k}}\cos\theta \, .</math>

Given that, by design in our "tipped orbit" frame, there is no vertical motion — that is, <math>~\dot{z}' = 0</math> — mapping the (primed coordinate) velocity to the body (unprimed) coordinate is particularly straightforward. Specifically,

<math>~\boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\imath'} \dot{x}' + \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath'} \dot{y}' </math>

 

<math>~~~\rightarrow~~</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \dot{x}' + [\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath}\cos\theta + \boldsymbol{\hat{k}}\sin\theta] \dot{y}' </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \biggl\{ (y_c - y') \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \dot\varphi \biggr\} + [\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath}\cos\theta + \boldsymbol{\hat{k}}\sin\theta] \biggl\{ x' \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \dot\varphi \biggr\} \, . </math>

Recognizing, as before, that the relevant coordinate mapping is,

<math>~x'</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~x \, ,</math>

<math>~y'</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~y\cos\theta + z\sin\theta \, ,</math>

<math>~z'</math>

<math>~\rightarrow</math>

<math>~z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta \, ,</math>

we have,

<math>~\boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>

<math>~ \boldsymbol{\hat\imath} \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)\biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\} + \boldsymbol{\hat\jmath} \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \biggr\{ x\cos\theta \biggr\} + \boldsymbol{\hat{k}} \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \biggr\{ x\sin\theta \biggr\} \, , </math>

where,

<math>~y_c</math>

<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>

<math>~ +[z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta] \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \, .</math>

Written in terms of the "body" frame coordinates, therefore, the 2nd and 3rd components of this velocity vector are, respectively:

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\jmath}\cdot \boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \cos\theta </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \biggl\{ \zeta_3^2\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]^2 \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \biggl[1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr] \biggr\}^{1 / 2} \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \cos\theta </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \biggl\{ \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggr\} \, , </math>

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat{k}}\cdot \boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \sin\theta </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \biggl\{ \zeta_3^2\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]^2 \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \biggl[1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr] \biggr\}^{1 / 2} \biggl( \frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \sin\theta </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggr\} \tan\theta </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ x \biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggr\} \biggl\{ - \frac{\zeta_2}{\zeta_3} \biggl[ \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{c^2}{b^2} \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -x \biggl\{ \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggr\} \, . </math>

These expressions perfectly match the body-coordinate expressions derived by Riemann (see above) for, respectively, <math>~\dot{y}</math> and <math>~\dot{z}</math>. The 1st component is,

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\imath}\cdot \boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \dot\varphi \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)\biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\}</math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \biggl\{ \zeta_3^2\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]^2 \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \biggl[1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr] \biggr\}^{1 / 2} \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr) \biggl\{y_c - y\cos\theta - z\sin\theta\biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{\frac{y_c}{\cos\theta} - y - z\tan\theta\biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta} -~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] +~ z\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{\zeta_2}{\zeta_3} \biggl[ \frac{a^2 + b^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{c^2}{b^2} \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggl\{ \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta} -~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{b^2}{a^2} +~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{c^2}{a^2} \biggr\} \, . </math>

So, implementing the mapping of <math>~y_c</math>, the first term inside the curly braces becomes,

<math>~\zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}</math>

<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>

<math>~ \frac{\zeta_3}{\cos\theta}\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ +[z\cos\theta - y\sin\theta] \tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ -y\tan^2\theta \biggr\} + \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr]\tan\theta \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ z \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} - z \cdot \zeta_2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl[\frac{y_\mathrm{max}}{x_\mathrm{max}} \biggr]^2 \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

<math>~\Rightarrow ~~~ \biggl(\frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}} \biggr)^2 \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{y_c}{\cos\theta}</math>

<math>~~~\rightarrow~~~</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} - z \cdot \zeta_2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

<math> \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr]^2~=~\frac{a^2}{b^2c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) </math>

<math> \biggl[ \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr]^2 \biggl[ 1 + \tan^2\theta \biggr]~=~\frac{a^2}{b^2c^2} (c^2 + b^2\tan^2\theta) </math>

Therefore,

<math>~\boldsymbol{\hat\imath}\cdot \boldsymbol{u'}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} - z \cdot \zeta_2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} ~+~ \biggl\{ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] -~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggr\} \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} -~y\cdot \zeta_3\biggl[ \frac{b^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 ~+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 -~z \cdot \zeta_2 \biggl[ \frac{c^2 }{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \frac{a^2}{c^2} \biggl\{ \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{b^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta +\frac{b^2}{a^2} \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 \biggr\} ~+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \biggl( \frac{x_\mathrm{max}}{y_\mathrm{max}}\biggr)^2 -~ \frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{b^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta + \frac{1}{c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) \biggr\} ~+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{a^2}{b^2c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) -~ \frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ -~y \cdot \zeta_3 \biggl[ \frac{a^2}{a^2 + b^2} \biggr] \frac{1}{c^2\cos^2\theta}\biggl\{b^2 \sin^2\theta + (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta)\cos^2\theta \biggr\} ~+~ z\cdot \zeta_2\biggl[ \frac{c^2}{a^2 + c^2} \biggr] \biggl\{ \frac{a^2}{b^2c^2} (c^2\cos^2\theta + b^2\sin^2\theta) -~ \frac{a^2}{c^2} \cdot \tan^2\theta \biggr\} </math>

See Also


Whitworth's (1981) Isothermal Free-Energy Surface

© 2014 - 2021 by Joel E. Tohline
|   H_Book Home   |   YouTube   |
Appendices: | Equations | Variables | References | Ramblings | Images | myphys.lsu | ADS |
Recommended citation:   Tohline, Joel E. (2021), The Structure, Stability, & Dynamics of Self-Gravitating Fluids, a (MediaWiki-based) Vistrails.org publication, https://www.vistrails.org/index.php/User:Tohline/citation