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<font color="red">'''CAUTION:'''</font>  Presented in this fashion &#8212; that is, by using <math>~\xi</math> to represent the dimensionless radial coordinate in all four expressions &#8212; Murphy's expressions seem to imply that the independent variable defining the radial coordinate in the bipolytrope's core is the same as the one that defines the radial coordinate in the structure's envelope.  In general, this will not be the case, so we have explicitly used a different independent variable, <math>~\eta</math>, to mark the envelope's radial coordinate in our expressions.  It is clear from other elements of his published derivation that Murphy understood this distinction but, as is explained more fully below, errors in his final model specifications may have resulted from not explicitly differentiating between this variable notation.
<font color="red">'''CAUTION:'''</font>  Presented in this fashion &#8212; that is, by using <math>~\xi</math> to represent the dimensionless radial coordinate in all four expressions &#8212; Murphy's expressions seem to imply that the independent variable defining the radial coordinate in the bipolytrope's core is the same as the one that defines the radial coordinate in the structure's envelope.  In general, this will not be the case, so we have explicitly used a different independent variable, <math>~\eta</math>, to mark the envelope's radial coordinate in our expressions.  It is clear from other elements of his published derivation that Murphy understood this distinction but, as is explained more fully below, errors in his final model specifications may have resulted from not explicitly differentiating between this variable notation.


===Critique of Murphy's Model Characteristics===
==Critique of Murphy's Model Characteristics==


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Revision as of 01:32, 2 May 2015

UV Plane Functions as Analyzed by Murphy (1983)

Whitworth's (1981) Isothermal Free-Energy Surface
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This chapter supports and expands upon an accompanying discussion of the construction of a bipolytrope in which the core has an <math>~n_c=1</math> polytropic index and the envelope has an <math>~n_e=5</math> polytropic index. This system is particularly interesting because the entire structure can be described by closed-form, analytic expressions. Here we provide an in-depth analysis of the work published by J. O. Murphy (1983, Proc. Astr. Soc. of Australia, 5, 175) in which the derivation of this particular bipolytropic configuration was first attempted. As can be seen from the following list of "key references," however, this publication was only one of a series of interrelated works by Murphy. We will henceforth refer to this <math>~(n_c, n_e) = (1, 5)</math> system as "Murphy's bipolytrope."

Key References

Relevant Lane-Emden Functions

As is detailed in our accompanying discussion, the Lane-Emden function governing the structure of the <math>~n_c = 1</math> core of Murphy's bipolytrope is,

<math> \theta(\xi) = \frac{\sin\xi}{\xi} \, , </math>

and the first derivative of this function with respect to the dimensionless radial coordinate, <math>~\xi</math>, is,

<math> \frac{d\theta}{d\xi} = -\frac{1}{\xi^{2}} (\sin\xi - \xi\cos\xi) \, . </math>

Also as is detailed in our accompanying discussion, the Lane-Emden function governing the structure of the <math>~n_e = 5</math> envelope of Murphy's bipolytrope is,

<math>~\phi(\xi)</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{B^{-1}\sin[\ln(A\xi)^{1/2})]}{\xi^{1/2}\{3-2\sin^2[\ln(A\xi)^{1/2}]\}^{1/2}} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{B^{-1}\sin\Delta}{\xi^{1/2}(3-2\sin^2\Delta)^{1/2}} \, ,</math>

and the first derivative of this function is,

<math>~\frac{d\phi}{d\xi}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~- \frac{B^{-1}(3\sin\Delta - 2\sin^3\Delta -3\cos\Delta) }{2\xi^{3/2}(3-2\sin^2\Delta)^{3/2}} \, , </math>

where we have adopted the shorthand notation,

<math>~\Delta \equiv \ln(A\xi)^{1/2} \, .</math>

Chandrasekhar's U and V Functions

As presented by Murphy (1983), most of the development and analysis of this model was conducted within the framework of what is commonly referred to in the astrophysics community as the "U-V" plane. Specifically in the context of the model's <math>~n_c=1</math> core, this pair of referenced functions is:

<math>~U_{1E} \equiv \xi \theta \biggl(- \frac{d\theta}{d\xi}\biggr)^{-1}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\sin\xi\biggl[\frac{1}{\xi^{2}} (\sin\xi - \xi\cos\xi)\biggr]^{-1}</math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{\xi^2}{(1 - \xi\cot\xi)} \, ;</math>

<math>~(n_c+1) V_{1E} \equiv (n_c+1)\frac{\xi}{ \theta} \biggl(- \frac{d\theta}{d\xi}\biggr)</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{2\xi^2}{\sin\xi} \biggl[ \frac{1}{\xi^{2}} (\sin\xi - \xi\cos\xi) \biggr]</math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ 2(1 - \xi\cot\xi) \, .</math>

Correspondingly, in the context of the model's <math>~n_e=5</math> envelope, the pair of referenced functions is:

<math>~U_{5F} \equiv \xi \phi^5 \biggl(- \frac{d\phi}{d\xi}\biggr)^{-1}</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \frac{B^{-4}\xi \sin^5\Delta}{\xi^{5/2}\{3-2\sin^2\Delta\}^{5/2}} \biggl[ \frac{2\xi^{3/2}(3-2\sin^2\Delta)^{3/2}}{3\sin\Delta - 2\sin^3\Delta -3\cos\Delta } \biggr] </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \frac{2B^{-4}\sin^5\Delta}{[3-2\sin^2\Delta][3\sin\Delta - 2\sin^3\Delta -3\cos\Delta ]} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~ \frac{-2B^{-4}\sin^5\Delta}{[2+\cos(2\Delta)][3\cos\Delta - \frac{3}{2}\sin\Delta - \frac{1}{2}\sin(3\Delta) ]} \, ; </math>

<math>~(n_e+1) V_{5F} \equiv (n_e+1) \frac{\xi}{ \phi} \biggl(- \frac{d\phi}{d\xi}\biggr)</math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{6\xi^{3/2}\{3-2\sin^2\Delta\}^{1/2}} {\sin\Delta} \frac{[3\sin\Delta - 2\sin^3\Delta -3\cos\Delta ] }{2\xi^{3/2}(3-2\sin^2\Delta)^{3/2}} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{3[3\sin\Delta - 2\sin^3\Delta -3\cos\Delta ] }{\sin\Delta (3-2\sin^2\Delta)} </math>

 

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\frac{-6[3\cos\Delta - \frac{3}{2}\sin\Delta - \frac{1}{2}\sin(3\Delta) ] }{2\sin\Delta [2+\cos(2\Delta)]} \, . </math>

In an effort to demonstrate correspondence with the published work of Murphy (1983), we have reproduced his expressions for these governing U-V functions in the following boxed-in image.

U-V Functions Extracted from Murphy (1983)

(slightly edited before reproduction as an image, here)

U and V Functions from Murphy (1983)

The match between our expressions and those presented by Murphy becomes clear upon recognizing that, in our notation,

<math>~\Delta </math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~\ln\sqrt{A\xi} </math>

<math>~\Rightarrow ~~~~ 2\Delta </math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~2 \ln\sqrt{A\xi} = \ln(A\xi) </math>

and,       <math>~3\Delta </math>

<math>~=</math>

<math>~3\ln[\sqrt{A\xi}] \, ;</math>

and, in laying out these function definitions, Murphy has implicitly assumed that the two scaling coefficients, <math>~A</math> and <math>~B</math>, are unity.

CAUTION: Presented in this fashion — that is, by using <math>~\xi</math> to represent the dimensionless radial coordinate in all four expressions — Murphy's expressions seem to imply that the independent variable defining the radial coordinate in the bipolytrope's core is the same as the one that defines the radial coordinate in the structure's envelope. In general, this will not be the case, so we have explicitly used a different independent variable, <math>~\eta</math>, to mark the envelope's radial coordinate in our expressions. It is clear from other elements of his published derivation that Murphy understood this distinction but, as is explained more fully below, errors in his final model specifications may have resulted from not explicitly differentiating between this variable notation.

Critique of Murphy's Model Characteristics

Model Characteristics from Murphy's Table 3

Model

<math>\xi = \zeta_J</math>

<math>(A\xi) = \xi_J</math>

<math>A = \xi_J/\zeta_J</math>

1

0.032678

10.0614

307.895

Related Discussions


Whitworth's (1981) Isothermal Free-Energy Surface

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